Vietnam has found itself under increased global scrutiny since being placed on the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) grey list, a designation that signals deficiencies in the country’s efforts to combat money laundering and terrorist financing. This classification not only dents Vietnam’s international financial reputation but also raises concerns among foreign investors and global banking institutions.
However, the country is also witnessing one of the highest rates of crypto adoption in the world. From everyday users leveraging stablecoins for remittances to a booming play-to-earn and NFT gaming sector, Vietnam’s digital assets market is growing.
Now, the Vietnamese government appears to be making a strategic pivot. By formalizing Vietnam crypto regulations, including licensing exchanges and enforcing know-your-customer (KYC) standards, it hopes to meet FATF standards, curb illicit finance, and reposition itself as a compliant and forward-looking digital economy.
This article explores whether a well-executed crypto regulatory framework could help Vietnam repair its global standing and unlock new waves of institutional capital.
Why FATF Classification Matters
The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is a global authority setting standards for Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Counter-Terrorist Financing (CFT).
When a country is grey-listed, it’s under increased monitoring, meaning it has committed to resolving deficiencies identified by FATF standards within a set timeframe.
Grey-listed countries often face heightened due diligence from global banks. Many correspondent banks may reduce services or terminate relationships altogether, fearing regulatory exposure. This restricts access to cross-border payments and increases transaction friction.
Institutional investors view grey-listing as a red flag. According to BitKE, countries on the FATF list experience an average 7.6% drop in capital flows relative to GDP. The reputational hit makes foreign direct investment riskier and more expensive.
Slower Fintech & Crypto Development
Grey-listing demands stricter AML/CFT compliance, triggering slower approvals and heavier oversight for financial innovators—especially in fintech and the digital assets market. This regulatory burden slows down growth, discouraging startups in emerging markets.
Vietnam’s AML/CFT History
Vietnam was added to the FATF grey list in June 2023 due to deficiencies in AML oversight, enforcement coordination, and virtual asset regulation.
As of early 2025, authorities have demonstrated some progress, issuing a strengthened AML law, forming a national steering committee, and committing to FATF recommendations under Decision 194/QD-TTg. Nonetheless, FATF cautioned that progress remains “limited” and urged further action to align with global standards.
Vietnam’s Crypto Space in 2025
Vietnam ranked 5th globally in crypto adoption on Chainalysis’ 2024 index, driven by millions of users engaging in trading, DeFi, and P2P transactions.
An estimated 17 million people, around 17–21% of the population, own crypto, positioning Vietnam at the forefront of adoption. Total capital inflows into crypto between 2022 and 2024 surpassed US$105–120 billion, nearly equating to one-quarter of the nation’s GDP.
Retail Enthusiasm vs. Institutional Hesitation
While millions of Vietnamese engage with crypto in the digital assets market, with around 76% investing through referrals, institutional and fintech support remains minimal. Large-scale institutional players have largely stayed on the sidelines despite the high enthusiasm due to regulatory uncertainty and risk-averse banking systems.
Regulatory Gaps and Framework Needs
Vietnam currently lacks a clear licensing system, tax regulations, or strong AML/CFT enforcement in its crypto sector. The State Bank prohibits crypto as legal tender, while ownership and trading remain in legal limbo. This regulatory ambiguity exposes users to risks like fraud, market manipulation, and unregulated platforms.
Notable Projects and Exchanges
Vietnam hosts a mix of global and local exchanges: Binance, Coinbase, and Kraken serve Vietnamese users alongside domestic players like Remitano, which cater more directly to local needs.
The country’s Web3 ecosystem is vibrant, especially in GameFi and NFTs, with projects like Axie Infinity, Yield Guild Games, and Coin98 among the global top 200 by company count. Meanwhile, government-backed pilot exchanges and blockchain union initiatives signal growing institutional interest.
Vietnam’s Regulatory Push: What’s Changing?
Vietnam is rapidly introducing a comprehensive crypto-asset law to align with global standards, improve transparency, and unlock digital economy opportunities.
Recent Regulatory Proposals & Milestones
Law on Digital Technology Industry (passed June 14, 2025; effective Jan 1, 2026): This landmark legislation officially recognizes crypto assets and virtual assets, clearly defines them, and mandates licensing for exchanges and wallet providers.
Directive 05/CT‑TTg (March 2025): Directs the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) to finalize a Vietnam crypto regulation framework, including pilot licenses and compliance measures.
Crypto Exchange Pilot (Mar 2025): Vietnam launched a sandbox for centralized crypto exchanges (CEXs), partnering with platforms like Bybit to test licensing, tax compliance, and AML protocols.
Alignment with FATF’s Travel Rule & Global KYC/AML Standards
Vietnam’s new regime incorporates FATF standard Travel Rule compliance, requiring Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) to collect and share sender and recipient details of digital assets. The regulations will enforce standardized KYC/AML controls for exchanges and wallets, aiming to close the gaps flagged by FATF.
Role of MOF & State Bank of Vietnam
The Ministry of Finance leads the regulatory drafting and pilot implementation, while the State Bank of Vietnam oversees the financial and operational licensing standards. Both operate under the Prime Minister’s directives, illustrating a unified governmental focus on formalizing the crypto market.
How This Could Improve Vietnam’s FATF Standing
Strengthening Vietnam’s crypto regulation could act as a pivotal test for the country’s broader AML/CFT reform agenda and help reestablish its international credibility.
Crypto as a Litmus Test: FATF Focus on VASPs & DeFi Risks
FATF now pays close attention to Virtual Asset Service Providers (VASPs) and emerging DeFi vulnerabilities. By enforcing strict KYC/AML standards in its crypto sector, Vietnam can signal its seriousness about combating illicit financial flows and aligning with Recommendation 15 (R.15).
Broad AML Commitment Through Crypto Enforcement
Tracking and regulating crypto transactions requires robust systems, from Travel Rule compliance to monitoring wallet activity. These same systems can be adapted to traditional finance sectors, supporting a broader anti-corruption infrastructure. The Philippines, for example, strengthened its regulatory oversight and Travel Rule compliance across the board before being removed from the FATF grey list in February 2025.
Comparative Case Studies: UAE & Philippines
The UAE implemented VASP licensing, FATF-aligned Travel Rule, and rigorous enforcement, achieving removal from the FATF grey list by early 2024.
Meanwhile, the Philippines became compliant by issuing regulations for VASPs, following FATF recommendations closely, and aggressively enforcing oversight of offshore exchanges.
Both cases show how thoughtful Vietnam crypto regulation helps rebuild trust. If Vietnam incorporates FATF standard crypto policies, covering licensing, KYC/AML, Travel Rule compliance, and enforcement, it can demonstrate meaningful progress and accelerate its road toward delisting, repairing both its financial reputation and integration into global markets.
Risks and Uncertainties Facing Vietnam’s Crypto Regulatory Push
As Vietnam’s crypto regulation accelerates, several genuine concerns and uncertainties arise that could shape the overall impact.
Overregulation That Stifles Innovation
If the government makes it too hard or expensive to follow the rules, like charging high license fees or requiring strict technology standards, it could scare away startups and global crypto companies. Without the right balance in digital asset compliance, Vietnam could end up with a system that focuses more on paperwork and regulations than on encouraging innovation and growth.
Limited Enforcement Capacity
Enforcing AML/KYC across a network of exchanges, DeFi apps, and P2P channels is no small feat. Vietnam’s regulators may struggle to recruit, train, and equip sufficient experts and tools to monitor transactional flows and detect illicit activity. Audit compliance effectively, leaving gaps that can be easily exploited.
Risk of Industry Pushback
Crypto businesses and users may resist new regulations if they feel they hinder user experience, strain profitability, or impose unnecessary costs (e.g., Travel Rule processors, chain analytics, reporting fees). Without industry buy-in, enforcement may prove more symbolic than operational.
Regulatory Fragmentation and Inconsistency
Different agencies, like the State Bank, the Ministry of Finance, and securities watchdogs, could apply rules at varying paces or with contradictory interpretations. Conflicting guidelines around licensing requirements, tax treatment, or permissible crypto activities may create confusion and unintended loopholes that undermine the entire system.
Policy Theatre vs. Meaningful Reform
Vietnam has expressed strong intent, but transforming draft regulations into effective, real-world compliance takes time, budget, and political will. There’s a genuine risk that initial efforts amount to performative action rather than sustained reform, and FATF may dismiss superficial changes as insufficient.
Will It Cover the Full Crypto Spectrum?
Focusing regulations solely on centralized exchanges may leave decentralized platforms, cross-border transfers, and on-chain lending untouched. Comprehensive AML reform must also encompass DeFi, stablecoins, and even digital asset OTC markets or the country may fail to close key vulnerability gaps.
Conclusion: Can Vietnam Use Crypto to Reinvent Its Global Financial Image?
Vietnam’s regulatory efforts could shift its global financial reputation, from a high-risk jurisdiction to a compliant player in the digital economy. In the short term, implementing clearer crypto policies could help Vietnam meet critical FATF standards. However, the impact on investor confidence and international banking relationships may take longer to materialize, depending on how they enforce the new rules.
Over the long term, Vietnam’s ability to align its crypto regime with international AML/CFT (Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism) standards could open the door to institutional capital, deeper fintech partnerships, and increased participation in the global digital economy. The challenge will be ensuring these reforms are not merely cosmetic but reflect real capacity-building within its financial oversight systems.
The key question is whether Vietnam will emerge as a regulatory trailblazer in Southeast Asia, using digital asset compliance as a lever for broader reform or settle into a pattern of minimal compliance to avoid further FATF scrutiny. The outcome will shape its FATF status and also its long-term credibility as a modern, open financial hub.