Key Regulatory Proposals for Systemic Stablecoins
- •Temporary Holding Limits: Individuals can hold up to £20,000 in systemic stablecoins, while most businesses are capped at £10 million to prevent large-scale deposit outflows.
- •Backing and Redemption Rules: Systemic issuers must hold 60% of reserves in UK government debt and 40% at the BoE, ensuring stablecoin redemption even during market stress.
- •Joint Regulation: Non-systemic stablecoins remain under the FCA, while systemically important coins transition to BoE oversight, with final rules expected in the second half of 2026.
Introduction to Stablecoin Regulation
The Bank of England (BoE) has suggested a temporary limit of £20,000 on how much stablecoin a person can hold. This is part of a plan to handle the risks as more people start using digital money. At the same time, the UK is updating its payment system and putting clear rules in place for new types of digital currency.
The BoE published a paper today explaining how it plans to regulate sterling-backed “systemic stablecoins” — digital coins tied to the pound that people could use for everyday payments.
The aim is to make sure these coins are safe and don’t cause problems for the financial system. The bank said it wants digital money to work alongside cash and bank accounts, giving people more choices while keeping the system stable.
The consultation will stay open until February 10, 2026, so that businesses, banks, and the public can share their feedback before the rules are finalized. The bank said the measures are intended to make payments more convenient for consumers while avoiding any disruption to banks or credit markets.
Temporary Limits to Protect Financial Stability
Under the draft rules, individuals could hold up to £20,000 in any systemic stablecoin, while most businesses would be limited to £10 million.
The bank recognizes that some companies, such as large retailers or crypto exchanges, may need to hold larger amounts for day-to-day operations. These businesses could be allowed to exceed the normal limits so that their regular operations are not affected.
The BoE described these caps as “temporary holding limits” intended to manage the financial system’s transition to new forms of digital money. They would remain in place until regulators judge that the risk of large-scale deposit outflows from traditional banks into stablecoins, which could impair lending to households and businesses, has subsided.
These restrictions would not apply to stablecoins used for wholesale financial transactions within the BoE and the Financial Conduct Authority’s (FCA) Digital Securities Sandbox, where large-scale institutional settlement is tested under controlled conditions.
Backing Requirements for Systemic Issuers
The Bank’s consultation also sets strict requirements on how systemic stablecoin issuers must back their liabilities. To ensure that redemption can always be honored, the BoE proposes that up to 60% of backing assets be held in short-term UK government debt, while the remaining 40% must be deposited, unprofitably, at the BoE itself.
Issuers deemed systemic at launch, or those transitioning from the FCA regime, would temporarily be permitted to hold up to 95% of their reserves in government debt as they scale, before gradually reducing that share.
The bank also signaled that it is considering central-bank liquidity arrangements to support stablecoin issuers during times of market stress — a backstop akin to the safety net commercial banks currently enjoy.
According to the Bank, these measures aim to “ensure robust redemption and public confidence, even under stress,” while maintaining the viability of issuers as the new market develops.
Joint Regulation and Next Steps
The framework draws a clear line between the BoE and the FCA. Non-systemic stablecoins — those used mainly for crypto trading or limited retail use- will remain under the FCA’s oversight.
Once His Majesty’s Treasury (HM Treasury) designates a stablecoin as systemically important, it will transition to the Bank’s regime, where the BoE will supervise prudential and financial-stability risks while the FCA continues to oversee consumer protection and conduct issues.
To ensure consistency, the BoE and the FCA plan to publish a joint approach document in 2026, clarifying how the rules will apply in practice and how firms will move between the two regimes. The final Codes of Practice are expected in the second half of 2026, after which the new rules will come into force.
Industry Reaction
While the Bank of England says the proposals try to balance safety with innovation, people in the crypto and fintech industries are worried that strict limits could slow growth and make the UK less competitive.
Industry members say that capping how much consumers or businesses can hold in stablecoins could send the wrong message to companies and might push innovation to other countries. Critics also warn that enforcing holding limits could require complex identity and transaction-tracking systems, raising privacy and operational challenges.
Despite these objections, the BoE maintains that the proposals are both proportionate and necessary. “Today’s proposals mark a pivotal step towards implementing the UK’s stablecoin regime next year,” said Sarah Breeden, Deputy Governor for Financial Stability.
“Our objective remains to support innovation and build trust in this emerging form of money. We’ve listened carefully to feedback and amended our proposals for achieving this… These proposals are fit for a future where stablecoins play a meaningful role in payments, giving the industry the clarity it needs to plan with confidence.”
Why This Matters
Stablecoins — cryptocurrencies designed to maintain a fixed one-to-one value with a fiat currency- have become a cornerstone of the digital-asset ecosystem, widely used for trading, remittances, and payments.
However, regulators around the world are increasingly concerned that if stablecoins expand too rapidly without strong safeguards or proper regulation, they could pose risks to the wider financial system. By introducing clear but temporary controls, the Bank of England aims to strengthen and “future-proof” the country’s monetary framework — allowing digital innovation to grow, while protecting public confidence in the pound and maintaining the stability of the UK’s banking sector.
The move also brings Britain closer to international alignment, as authorities in the US and Europe develop their own regimes for stablecoins used in everyday payments.
The bank’s consultation marks one of the most detailed blueprints yet for integrating digital money into a major economy, balancing the promise of fintech innovation with the prudence of central-bank oversight.
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